Fluid mechanics cengel 4th edition pdf download

The height of water rise in the tube is to be determined. A glass tube is inserted into mercury. The capillary drop of mercury in the tube is to be determined. The maximum capillary rise and tube diameter for the. A steel ball floats on water due to the surface tension effect. The maximum diameter of the ball is to be.

The contact angle is. The height to which the water solution rises in a tree as a result of the capillary effect is to be determined. A journal bearing is lubricated with oil whose viscosity is known. The torques needed to overcome the. Substituting the given values, the torque is determined to be. A U-tube with a large diameter arm contains water. The difference between the water levels of the two arms. Any difference in water levels between the two arms is due to surface tension effects and thus capillary rise.

Noting that capillary rise in a tube is inversely proportional to tube diameter there will be no capillary rise in the arm with a large diameter. Note that this is a significant difference, and shows the importance of using a U-tube made of a uniform. The amount of air that needs to be added to the tank to raise its pressure and temperature to the recommended values is to be determined.

Treating air as an ideal gas, the initial volume and the final mass in the tank are determined to be. A large tank contains nitrogen at a specified temperature and pressure. Now some nitrogen is allowed to.

The amount of nitrogen that has escaped is to be determined. The pressure in an automobile tire increases during a trip while its volume remains constant. The percent. Noting that air is an ideal gas and the volume is constant, the ratio of absolute temperatures after and before. Therefore, the absolute temperature of air in the tire will increase by 4.

This may not seem like a large temperature increase, but if the tire is originally at 20 C The minimum pressure in a pump is given. It is to be determined if there is a danger of cavitation. To avoid cavitation, the pressure everywhere in the flow should remain above the vapor or saturation. Therefore, there is danger of cavitation in the pump. Note that the vapor pressure increases with increasing temperature, and the danger of cavitation increases at.

Air in a partially filled closed water tank is evacuated. The absolute pressure in the evacuated space is to be. When air is completely evacuated, the vacated space is filled with water vapor, and the tank contains a. Since we have a two-phase mixture of a pure substance at a specified temperature, the vapor pressure must be the saturation pressure at this temperature.

If there is any air left in the container, the vapor pressure will be less. In that case the sum of the component. Chapter 2 Properties of Fluids Solution The specific gravities of solid particles and carrier fluids of a slurry are given. The relation for the specific gravity of the slurry is to be obtained in terms of the mass fraction Cs, mass and the specific gravity SGs of solid particles.

Assumptions 1 The solid particles are distributed uniformly in water so that the solution is homogeneous. Consider solid particles of mass ms and volume Vs dissolved in a fluid of mass mf and volume Vm. The total. The final temperature when half the mass is withdrawn and final pressure when no mass is withdrawn are to be determined.

When half of the gas is withdrawn from the tank, the final. The ideal gas 1. Suspended solid particles in water are considered. A relation is to be developed for the specific gravity of. Analysis Consider solid particles of mass ms and volume V s dissolved in a fluid of mass mf and volume Vm.

The total volume of the suspension or mixture is. The variation of the dynamic viscosity of water with absolute temperature is given. Using tabular data, a th. The equations and plot are shown here. A newly produced pipe is tested using pressurized water. The additional water that needs to be pumped to. The coefficient of volume expansion of an ideal gas is not constant, but rather decreases with temperature.

The pressure is given at a certain depth of the ocean. An analytical relation between density and pressure is. The density is to be compared with that from Eq.

The coefficient of compressibility is given to be MPa. The liquid density at the free surface is given to 3. Therefore we conclude that linear approximation Eq. The specific heat ratio k varies with. A shaft is pulled with a constant velocity through a bearing. The space between the shaft and bearing is.

The force required to maintain the axial movement of the shaft is to be determined. The varying clearance h can be expressed as a function of axial coordinate x see figure. A shaft rotates with a constant angual speed in a bearing. The space between the shaft and bearing is filled. A relation is to be derived for the capillary rise of a liquid between two large parallel plates a distance t.

The magnitude of the capillary rise between two large parallel plates can be determined from a force. The bottom of the liquid column is at the same level as the free surface of the liquid reservoir, and thus the pressure there must be atmospheric pressure. This will balance the atmospheric pressure acting from the top surface, and thus these two effects will cancel each other. The weight of the liquid column is t.

A cylindrical shaft rotates inside an oil bearing at a specified speed. The power required to overcome. Note the power dissipated in journal bearing is proportional to the cube of the shaft radius and to the square. A large plate is pulled at a constant speed over a fixed plate. The space between the plates is filled with.

The shear stress developed on the upper plate and its direction are to be determined for parabolic and linear velocity profile cases. Therefore we conclude that the linear assumption is not realistic since it gives over prediction. Chapter 2 Properties of Fluids Solution Air spaces in certain bricks form air columns of a specified diameter. The height that water can rise in those tubes is to be determined. Assumptions 1 The interconnected air pockets form a cylindrical air column.

Properties The surface tension is given to be 0. Air Brick h Mercury. Therefore, the value determined may change with temperature.

Chapter 2 Properties of Fluids Solution A fluid between two long parallel plates is heated as the upper plate is moving. A relation for the fluid velocity is to be obtained and velocity profile is to be plotted. Also the shear stress is to be calculated and its direction is to be shown. Assumptions 1 Flow is parallel to plates. Analysis a Taking an infinitesimal fluid element and applying force balance assuming one dimensional flow ,.

The viscosity is changing linearly with respect to y. The velocity vectors are also shown. For comparison, a linear profile is also plotted.

This is expected. The viscosity decreases towards the moving plate. To keep the shear stress constant as was founded earlier , the velocity should increase more and more not a constant rate as one approaches the moving plate. As found earlier, the shear stress is constant throughout the flow. The shear stress directions on the top surface of the fluid element adjacent to the moving plate, and on the moving plate are:. Chapter 2 Properties of Fluids Solution A thrust bearing is operated with a thin film of oil.

The ratio of lost power in the thrust bearing to the produced power is to be determined. A relationship for the torque transmitted by the clutch is to be obtained, and the numerical value of the torque is to be calculated. This is the torque transmitted by one surface of a plate mounted on the input shaft. A relationship for the torque transmitted by the clutch is to be obtained, and the m.

Assumptions 1 The thickness of the oil layer between the disks is constant. The laminar flow of a Bingham plastic fluid in a horizontal pipe of radius R is considered. The shear stress. A circular disk immersed in oil is used as a damper, as shown in the figure.

It is to be shown that the. Then the wall shear stress anywhere on the upper surface of the disk at a distance r from the axis of rotation.

Note that the damping torque and thus damping power is inversely proportional to the thickness of oil th. A thin oil film is sandwiched between two large parallel plates with top plate stationary and bottom plate.

A third plate is dragged through the oil. The velocity profile is to be sketched and the vertical distance where the velocity is zero is to be determined.

We provide more diagrams and photographs than other books because fluid mechanics is, by its nature, a highly visual subject. Only by illustrating the concepts discussed, can students fully appreciate the mathematical significance of the material. This book has been written for the first fluid mechanics course for undergraduate engineering students. There is sufficient material for a two-course sequence, if desired. We assume that readers will have an adequate background in calculus, physics, engineering mechanics, and thermodynamics.

The book contains enough material to allow considerable flexibility in teaching the course. Aeronautics and aerospace engineers might emphasize potential flow, drag and lift, compressible flow, turbomachinery, and CFD, while mechanical or civil engineering instructors might choose to emphasize pipe flows and open-channel flows, respectively.

All the popular features of the previous editions have been retained while new ones have been added. Fluid mechanics is by its very nature a highly visual subject, and students learn more readily by visual stimulation. The book delves into the main renewable energy topics such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, biomass, tidal, and wave, as well as hydrogen and fuel cells. By stressing real-world relevancy and practical applications, Fundamentals and Applications of Renewable Energy helps prepare students for a successful career in renewable energy.

The text contains detailed discussions on the thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics aspects of renewable energy systems in addition to technical and economic analyses. Numerous worked-out example problems and over end-of-chapter review questions reinforce main concepts, formulations, design, and analysis. This book covers topics on engineering science, technology and applications of the classification of particles in liquids suspensions in hydrocyclones. It is divided into 12 chapters starting with the introduction of the hydrocyclone to the mining industry and its several applications of classification, followed by the fundamentals of classification.

A special chapter on the fundamentals of sedimentation as the mechanism of the hydrocyclone classification is given. The authors also cover the fundamentals hydrodynamics of solid—fluid interaction with application to the fluids and suspensions flow of in circular pipelines and discusses the flow pattern in hydrocyclones from a fluid dynamics point of view.

The physical design, the empirical, phenomenological and numerical hydrocyclone models are presented. The two last chapters deal with the applications of hydrocyclones system design and instrumentation study cases of application in hydrocyclones to the mining industry. Several parts of this book are the result of the work of their research and professional groups from the university and industry.

A Book by Yunus A. Cengel, Dr. Skip to main content x Sign In. The highly visual approach enhances the learning of fluid mechanics by students. This text distinguishes itself from others by the way the material is presented - in a progressive order from simple to more difficult, building each chapter upon foundations laid down in previous chapters.

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